The US bond market has faced significant challenges recently, with the Federal Reserve's interest rate cuts failing to provide the expected boost. Since September 2024, when the Fed began cutting rates, the Morningstar US Core Bond Index has dipped into negative territory. This downturn follows a period of double-digit losses in 2022 due to rising interest rates. John Rekenthaler, a former vice president for research at Morningstar, predicted in February 2024 that bonds were still overpriced relative to inflation, a thesis that has held true as yields have only marginally increased. Despite these difficulties, the recent divergence between stocks and bonds offers some solace for diversified portfolios.
The performance of the bond market has been less than stellar, with fixed-income investments struggling even as the Federal Reserve lowered interest rates. The Morningstar US Core Bond Index has experienced negative returns since the first rate cut in September 2024. In 2022, the market suffered from double-digit losses due to rapid interest rate hikes, indicating ongoing volatility. John Rekenthaler’s prescient analysis in early 2024 suggested that although bond yields had risen, they remained too low compared to inflation. His forecast remains relevant, especially considering the potential for high deficit spending under new economic policies.
Despite the challenges, there are glimmers of hope. The slight increase in 10-year Treasury yields from 4.06% in February 2024 to above 4.3% by November indicates a modest improvement. However, the broader economic environment, including anticipated government spending and inflation concerns, continues to pose risks. Rekenthaler's argument that equities offer better real return potential remains compelling. For investors, this suggests a cautious approach to bond investments, particularly given the uncertain economic landscape.
The recent divergence between stock and bond markets highlights the benefits of diversification. While bond investors have faced losses, equities have shown resilience, moving in opposite directions. This negative correlation is positive from a portfolio perspective, providing a buffer against market volatility. During periods of economic uncertainty, such as the post-election rally in stocks and subsequent rise in bond yields, diversification becomes crucial. High-quality bonds have demonstrated their role as safe-haven assets during equity market selloffs, reinforcing their value in balanced portfolios.
Looking ahead, the outlook for US bonds is mixed. While some experts see decent return potential, particularly in intermediate-term Treasury bonds, corporate bonds remain less attractive due to tight credit spreads. Investors should consider moderate-duration exposure and be mindful of the changing yield curve dynamics. Multi-asset investing continues to be a sensible strategy, offering protection against unpredictable market movements. As we navigate these challenging times, bonds remain an essential component of well-diversified portfolios, catering to various investment goals and time horizons.